Case 3: Outgrowth/galls/blisters on Palmaria palmata

Outgrowths/galls/blisters on the blade of Palmaria palmata.

The full blade of this Palmaria palmata have been dried quickly and press in an herbarium, before being sent to us.

Apparent proliferation of epidermis cells how look healthy at first sight (i.e. without staining).

Hyphal colonization in the gall (2a) and in the blade tissue (2b).

Late gall development in Palmaria palmata. The gall is breached and the fungal colonization seems absent.